Sing! For the Beauty of Earth Hastings SATB Sheet Music


Sing! For the Beauty of Earth Hastings SATB Sheet Music

The required key phrase phrase identifies a specific choral association of a well known hymn. It denotes a four-part (SATB – Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass) setting, organized by Hastings, of the hymn “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth.” This means a particular musical adaptation designed for choirs with customary vocal ranges.

Preparations of hymns corresponding to this one are incessantly utilized in spiritual companies, concert events, and academic settings. The Hastings association seemingly presents a singular interpretation of the unique melody and harmonies, doubtlessly incorporating stylistic components or variations meant to boost its inventive influence. The SATB format permits for wealthy harmonic textures and vocal interaction, contributing to a robust and interesting musical expertise for each performers and listeners.

Additional exploration of the Hastings association might contain inspecting its musical traits, contemplating its accessibility for various choirs, and evaluating it to different out there preparations of the identical hymn. These points decide its suitability for numerous efficiency contexts.

1. Arranger’s mark

The id of an arranger, imprinted upon a musical rating, serves as greater than a mere attribution. Within the context of the hymn “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth Hastings SATB,” it signifies a particular inventive lens by which a well-recognized melody and textual content are re-imagined. The ‘Arranger’s mark’ is a promise of a singular musical expertise, distinct from numerous different renditions.

  • Harmonic Signature

    An arrangers harmonic palette is a elementary facet of their mark. Hastings, on this case, would have chosen particular chord voicings, progressions, and alterations that outline the association’s emotional and aesthetic panorama. This harmonic strategy might vary from conventional and consonant to extra trendy and dissonant, reflecting a acutely aware selection about how the hymn’s message is musically conveyed. It dictates whether or not the association evokes a way of mild reverence or a extra highly effective, dramatic reward.

  • Textural Density

    The way in which the vocal components work together contributes considerably to the association’s character. Hastings’ mark can be evident within the textural densitywhether the association favors homophony (all voices shifting collectively), polyphony (unbiased melodic traces), or a mix thereof. A denser texture might create a richer, extra complicated sound, whereas a sparser texture might permit the melody and textual content to shine with better readability. The distribution of melodic materials among the many SATB components additionally displays the arranger’s intent.

  • Rhythmic Nuance

    Past the fundamental time signature and observe values, an arranger’s mark contains refined rhythmic variations that add curiosity and vitality to the music. Hastings would possibly make use of syncopation, rhythmic augmentation, or different methods to create a way of ahead movement, construct pressure, or emphasize specific phrases or phrases inside the textual content. These rhythmic decisions contribute to the general expressiveness of the association, imbuing it with a singular rhythmic id.

  • Dynamic Shaping

    The strategic use of dynamics the variations in quantity is one other essential component of an arranger’s mark. Hastings association would come with particular dynamic markings (piano, forte, crescendo, diminuendo, and so on.) designed to form the musical phrases, construct to climaxes, and create moments of quiet reflection. This dynamic shaping helps to speak the emotional content material of the hymn and engages the listener on a deeper stage.

Consequently, the ‘Arranger’s mark’ is way from superficial labeling. It encapsulates vital elements that outline the individuality and artistry of a musical association, particularly because it applies to the Hastings association of “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth,” shaping its sonic panorama and contributing to its particular person id inside the huge repertoire of choral music.

2. Choral Texture

Within the realm of choral music, texture serves because the very material of sound, a fancy interweaving of voices that determines the general sonic panorama. For “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth Hastings SATB,” choral texture just isn’t merely an incidental element, however a elementary component that shapes its expressive potential, dictates its problem, and in the end, defines its influence on each performer and listener. The alternatives made by Hastings in crafting the vocal interaction develop into vital in unlocking the inherent magnificence and which means inside the hymn’s textual content and melody.

  • Homophony: Unified Declaration

    Homophony, the place all voices transfer in rhythmic unison, presents a unified declaration. It may be employed to emphasise key phrases inside the hymn, lending a way of gravitas and collective affirmation. Think about the opening verse: a strong block of sound, declaring the fantastic thing about the earth in a single resounding voice. An excessive amount of homophony, nonetheless, can result in a predictable and in the end unengaging listening expertise. In “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth Hastings SATB,” strategic use of homophony underscores moments of profound reverence or shared perception.

  • Polyphony: Interwoven Threads of Melody

    Polyphony introduces unbiased melodic traces that weave round each other, making a tapestry of sound. A contact of polyphony provides layers of complexity and class to the feel. Hastings would possibly make use of polyphony to create a mild name and response between the soprano and alto traces or to introduce a countermelody within the tenor half. This method can evoke a way of the interconnectedness of all creation, reflecting the hymn’s theme of common magnificence. Nonetheless, extreme polyphony can obscure the readability of the textual content and make the association troublesome to carry out.

  • Imitation: Echoes of Reward

    Imitation, the place one voice repeats a melodic phrase launched by one other, provides a way of echoing and cascading reward. This method could be significantly efficient in highlighting particular phrases or phrases inside the hymn. Think about the phrase “solar and moon” being sung first by the sopranos, then echoed by the altos, creating a way of celestial resonance. Hastings might use imitation to create a way of motion and interaction between the vocal components, drawing the listener into the musical dialog.

  • Antiphony: Dialogue and Response

    Antiphony includes the alternation of musical phrases between totally different sections of the choir, creating a way of dialogue and response. This method can be utilized to create a dynamic and interesting texture, significantly in bigger choirs. Hastings would possibly divide the choir into two teams, every responding to the opposite with phrases of reward and gratitude. This antiphonal alternate can symbolize the interplay between humanity and the divine, reflecting the hymn’s name to have a good time the fantastic thing about creation collectively.

In the end, the effectiveness of the “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth Hastings SATB” association hinges on the skillful manipulation of those textural components. By fastidiously balancing homophony, polyphony, imitation, and antiphony, Hastings creates a choral texture that’s each stunning and significant, enhancing the hymn’s message and interesting the listener in a profound expertise of musical worship. The interaction of those aspects demonstrates an strategy that acknowledges and enhances each the inventive and practical character of association.

3. Harmonic language

Harmonic language serves because the emotional bedrock upon which any piece of music rests, coloring each phrase with shades of pleasure, sorrow, reverence, or exuberance. When utilized to a well-recognized hymn, corresponding to “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth Hastings SATB,” the harmonic decisions develop into significantly vital. They’ve the ability to breathe new life right into a well-worn melody, revealing hidden depths of which means and emotion or, conversely, rendering it bland and unremarkable. Hastings’ particular harmonic language, due to this fact, is essential in figuring out the association’s general effectiveness and its capability to resonate with each performers and listeners.

  • Chord Voicing and Spacing

    The way in which chords are voiced the particular association of notes inside a chord and the spacing between these notes instantly impacts the richness and readability of the sound. Shut voicings create a extra compact and intimate sound, whereas open voicings present a wider and extra resonant texture. Hastings’ decisions on this space would reveal a lot concerning the meant sonic character of the association. As an example, predominantly shut voicings within the decrease voices would possibly create a grounding, earthy really feel, whereas open voicings within the higher voices might evoke a way of hovering, celestial magnificence, mirroring the hymn’s themes.

  • Chord Progressions and Substitutions

    The sequence of chords and any alterations or substitutions made to the usual progressions contribute considerably to the harmonic curiosity and emotional route of the piece. A easy, diatonic development can create a way of peace and tranquility, whereas extra complicated or chromatic progressions can introduce components of pressure, longing, or shock. Hastings would possibly make use of sudden chord substitutions so as to add a contact of sophistication or to focus on particular phrases or phrases inside the textual content. A sudden shift to a minor key, for instance, might underscore the fantastic thing about creation tempered by the realities of human struggling or loss.

  • Use of Dissonance and Decision

    The strategic use of dissonance notes that conflict or create pressure adopted by decision to consonance notes that create a way of stability and launch is a robust device for creating emotional influence. Dissonance can signify the imperfections and challenges of the world, whereas decision presents a way of hope and reconciliation. Hastings would possibly use dissonance sparingly to focus on moments of wrestle or uncertainty, adopted by consonant resolutions that affirm the underlying magnificence and goodness of creation. This interaction of pressure and launch can create a deeply shifting and cathartic expertise for each performers and listeners.

  • Modal Combination and Borrowed Chords

    Modal combination, the borrowing of chords from parallel keys or modes, provides colour and depth to the harmonic palette. It could create a way of nostalgia, longing, or non secular craving. Hastings would possibly borrow chords from the parallel minor key to introduce a contact of melancholy or from a extra historic mode to evoke a way of timelessness and reverence. This method provides layers of which means to the association, suggesting that the fantastic thing about the earth just isn’t merely a superficial remark however a profound non secular fact rooted in historical past and custom.

The harmonic language employed in “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth Hastings SATB” due to this fact acts as a storyteller, enriching the hymn’s message and shaping its emotional influence. It’s by these cautious harmonic decisions that Hastings transforms a well-recognized tune into a singular and compelling musical expertise, inviting us to pay attention with recent ears and respect the fantastic thing about the earth in new and profound methods.

4. Melodic interpretation

The acquainted melody of “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth” exists as a shared cultural touchstone, a easy but profound expression of gratitude. However when Hastings took pen to paper to create an SATB association, greater than mere transcription occurred. Melodic interpretation grew to become paramount. The unique tune, whereas stunning in its simplicity, supplied a canvas for Hastings to color upon, subtly altering the contour and phrasing to imbue it with recent which means and emotional resonance. This interpretation, a key element of the general association, dictates how the choir, and in the end the listener, experiences the hymn. A slight elongation of a specific observe, a fragile ornamentation round a phrase, or a diverse dynamic swell these refined alterations, pushed by Hastings interpretive imaginative and prescient, steer the emotional present of the piece.

Think about, for example, the opening phrase. A simple rendition would possibly ship the melody in a predictable, even method. Nonetheless, Hastings, by melodic interpretation, might select to subtly emphasize the phrase “magnificence,” drawing it out barely, permitting the sopranos to soar ever so gently above the opposite voices. This isn’t a mere change in notes, however a deliberate act of emphasizing the central theme of the hymn, guiding the listener’s ear and coronary heart in the direction of a deeper appreciation of the world’s inherent loveliness. Alternatively, Hastings might have chosen to barely simplify the melody, eradicating any doubtlessly distracting elaborations, permitting the purity and sincerity of the textual content to shine by unadorned. This selection, too, is a deliberate act of interpretation, reflecting a need to attach with the listener on a extra direct and intimate stage.

In the end, the melodic interpretation inside the “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth Hastings SATB” association serves as a vital bridge between the hymn’s conventional basis and Hastings’ distinctive inventive voice. It’s by these refined but vital melodic decisions that the association transcends mere replication and turns into a particular and private expression of gratitude and reward, enriching the listener’s expertise and reaffirming the enduring energy of this beloved hymn. The association’s success hinges not solely on technical proficiency but in addition on how successfully the choir channels and conveys Hastings’ interpretive imaginative and prescient, permitting the melody to talk anew.

5. Vocal vary

Throughout the structure of choral music, vocal vary capabilities because the foundational blueprint, defining the parameters inside which singers function and the potential for harmonic richness. Within the particular context of “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth Hastings SATB,” vocal vary just isn’t a mere technical consideration; it’s the very constraint and alternative that shapes the piece’s accessibility, its sonic texture, and in the end, its capability to convey the hymn’s message of gratitude and reverence. Hastings, in crafting the association, navigated this panorama of vocal limitations and prospects, leaving an indelible mark on its character.

  • Soprano Ceiling and Alto Ground

    The uppermost notes demanded of the soprano part and the bottom depths required of the altos outline the association’s general tessitura. A Hastings association focusing on a typical church choir would possibly keep away from stratospheric soprano passages or excessively low alto traces, guaranteeing the piece stays inside the comfy attain of newbie singers. Conversely, an association meant for a extra superior ensemble would possibly enterprise into more difficult vocal territory, pushing the boundaries of each soprano and alto ranges to realize a extra dramatic or expressive impact. The selection displays not solely Hastings’ inventive imaginative and prescient but in addition a sensible evaluation of the capabilities of the meant performers. The accessibility of the piece for the performing ensemble is the first focus.

  • Tenor’s Bridge and Bass Basis

    The tenor voice, typically occupying a precarious center floor, faces a singular problem: to navigate the transition between the upper alto vary and the decrease bass register. Hastings’ dealing with of the tenor line reveals a lot concerning the general building of the association. A tenor line that sits too excessive can pressure singers and create a skinny, unbalanced sound. A tenor line that is still constantly low could also be misplaced inside the general texture. The bass line, in the meantime, supplies the harmonic basis, anchoring the piece and offering rhythmic drive. Hastings’ association would wish a sturdy bass line, able to supporting the higher voices with out changing into overly cumbersome or monotonous. Care is taken to make sure the vocal vary of the tenor and bass components are neither too excessive nor too low, to maintain the items grounded and in steadiness with the opposite components of the ensemble.

  • Accessibility vs. Expressiveness

    A pressure inevitably arises between the need to create a extremely expressive and musically attention-grabbing association and the necessity to guarantee its accessibility for a variety of choirs. An association that calls for excessive vocal ranges or intricate vocal gymnastics could also be past the capabilities of many newbie singers, limiting its efficiency alternatives. However, an association that’s too simplistic or conservative in its vocal writing might lack the emotional depth and inventive nuance obligatory to really seize the spirit of the hymn. Hastings, in crafting the SATB association, would have needed to strike a fragile steadiness between these competing calls for, fastidiously contemplating the vocal ranges of every part and making knowledgeable decisions about which expressive prospects to prioritize.

  • The Influence on Harmonic Texture

    Vocal vary additionally exerts a profound affect on the general harmonic texture of the piece. A wider vocal vary permits for richer and extra complicated harmonies, enabling Hastings to create a extra layered and nuanced sonic panorama. Conversely, a extra restricted vocal vary might necessitate easier harmonies and a extra streamlined texture. The distribution of notes inside the chord voicings have to be fastidiously thought-about to make sure that every part can sing comfortably and that the general sound stays balanced and clear. Hastings’ talent in manipulating vocal ranges contributes on to the sonic impression.

In abstract, vocal vary is excess of a mere technical specification. It’s a vital component that shapes the inventive, expressive, and sensible dimensions of “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth Hastings SATB.” Hastings’ mastery of vocal vary limitations turns into an necessary component in shaping the emotional panorama. The strategic understanding permits us to understand the depth of its artistry and perceive its place inside the huge panorama of choral music.

6. Efficiency context

The resonance of “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth Hastings SATB” extends past the notes on the web page; its true realization happens inside the particular setting wherein it’s sung. The efficiency contextthe the place, when, and whyexerts a profound affect on how the music is perceived and skilled, shaping every little thing from the selection of association to the emotional influence on each performers and listeners.

  • Liturgical Setting: A Hymn in Worship

    When located inside a church service or different spiritual gathering, the Hastings association of “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth” assumes a particular function. It turns into an act of collective worship, a shared expression of gratitude for creation. The acoustics of the sanctuary, the presence of a congregation, and the general tone of the service all contribute to the expertise. The association may be chosen for its capability to boost the liturgical theme of the day or to supply a second of reflection throughout a service centered on stewardship or thanksgiving. Its harmonic language and melodic interpretation would ideally complement the encompassing prayers, readings, and sermons, making a cohesive and significant worship expertise. On this context, the efficiency just isn’t merely a musical occasion, however a non secular one.

  • Live performance Stage: Artistry on Show

    Faraway from the express spiritual context, the Hastings association takes on a unique dimension on the live performance stage. Right here, the emphasis shifts in the direction of the inventive deserves of the piece itself and the technical prowess of the choir. The acoustics of the live performance corridor, the attentiveness of the viewers, and the general program of the live performance all affect how the piece is obtained. The choir would possibly select the association for its distinctive harmonic language, its difficult vocal writing, or its capability to showcase the ensemble’s versatility. On this setting, the efficiency turns into a chance to discover the inventive dimensions of the hymn, highlighting its magnificence and craftsmanship in a purely aesthetic context. This setting calls for technical and musical readability.

  • Academic Surroundings: Studying and Progress

    Inside a faculty or college setting, “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth Hastings SATB” serves as a car for musical schooling. The choir would possibly study the piece to develop their vocal approach, enhance their ensemble abilities, or discover the historic and cultural context of the hymn. The association may be chosen for its pedagogical worth, its capability to problem the scholars whereas remaining inside their attain. The efficiency would possibly happen in a classroom, a faculty meeting, or a proper live performance. On this context, the main target just isn’t solely on the ultimate product, but in addition on the method of studying and development that the scholars expertise alongside the best way. The piece turns into a device for growing musical abilities and fostering a deeper appreciation for choral music.

  • Neighborhood Occasion: Shared Expertise

    The Hastings association might discover a dwelling in a group gathering, a celebration of native heritage, or a remembrance ceremony. In such settings, the efficiency transcends spiritual or inventive boundaries, changing into a shared expertise that unites people by music. The association may be chosen for its familiarity, its capability to evoke a way of nostalgia, or its message of unity and gratitude. The acoustics of the venue, the range of the viewers, and the general ambiance of the occasion all contribute to the emotional influence. It might then be a chance to forge connections and construct group bonds, utilizing music as a bridge between totally different backgrounds and views. Right here the aim is unity, remembrance, or celebration.

Whatever the particular efficiency context, the Hastings association of “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth” brings with it a wealthy historical past, a well-recognized melody, and a strong message of gratitude. The particular setting wherein it’s carried out shapes how that message is obtained and skilled, influencing the selection of association, the type of efficiency, and the general emotional influence. The music lives and breathes inside these contexts, a testomony to its enduring energy and its capability to resonate throughout numerous settings and audiences.

7. Liturgical use

The hymn “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth,” in its Hastings SATB association, possesses a particular gravity owing to its frequent integration inside liturgical apply. Its operate transcends mere musical efficiency, changing into an act of collective worship, a sonic providing intimately interwoven with the material of non secular ceremony. The selection to include this association right into a service stems from its capability to amplify themes central to the Christian religion: gratitude for creation, recognition of divine beneficence, and the decision to stewardship.

Think about, for example, a Thanksgiving service. The acquainted melody, imbued with Hastings’ harmonic decisions, would possibly function a congregational hymn, uniting voices in a shared expression of thankfulness. Or maybe, throughout an Earth Day service, the choir’s rendition might provide a second of contemplative magnificence, prompting reflection on humanity’s relationship with the setting. The association’s suitability additionally extends to companies centered on normal reward and adoration, its message of appreciation resonating throughout numerous theological contexts. The practicality of the Hastings SATB association lies in its accessibility for a lot of church choirs. Its four-part concord, whereas providing richness and depth, stays inside the grasp of reasonably expert singers, permitting congregations to take part meaningfully within the musical providing.

In the end, the liturgical employment of “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth Hastings SATB” underscores its function as greater than only a musical composition. It turns into a device for non secular formation, an avenue by which congregations join with the divine, categorical their religion, and domesticate a deeper appreciation for the world round them. Its continued presence inside liturgical settings attests to its enduring energy and its capability to talk to the human spirit throughout generations.

Steadily Requested Questions

The journey into choral preparations typically raises questions, particularly when a particular setting, just like the Hastings SATB model of “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth,” is sought. The next addresses frequent inquiries with the seriousness they deserve.

Query 1: What distinguishes the Hastings association from different settings of “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth?”

Every arranger brings a singular voice. Hastings’ strategy is characterised by particular harmonic decisions, melodic interpretations, and vocal ranges. Analyzing the rating instantly, or listening to a efficiency, supplies definitive perception. Efficiency histories typically reveal stylistic tendencies.

Query 2: Is the Hastings SATB association appropriate for a small or much less skilled choir?

Suitability depends upon a number of components: vocal ranges, harmonic complexity, and rhythmic calls for. A cautious evaluation of the rating, evaluating it to the choir’s skills, is paramount. Consulting with an skilled choral director presents invaluable steerage.

Query 3: The place can a reliable copy of the “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth Hastings SATB” association be obtained?

Respect for copyright is paramount. Respected music retailers, each bodily and on-line, are the correct sources. Direct inquiries to the writer, if recognized, are additionally advisable. Unauthorized copies are unethical and unlawful.

Query 4: Does the Hastings association lend itself to instrumental accompaniment, or is it meant for a cappella efficiency?

The rating supplies the final word reply. Some SATB preparations are conceived for a cappella efficiency, whereas others incorporate instrumental components. Cautious examination of the rating reveals Hastings intentions, permitting knowledgeable choices.

Query 5: What are the prevalent efficiency apply concerns for this association inside a liturgical setting?

Liturgical context calls for sensitivity. Tempo decisions, dynamic shaping, and textual emphasis ought to align with the service’s general theme. Session with the clergy ensures acceptable and reverent presentation.

Query 6: Are there recognized recordings or scholarly analyses out there that provide insights into the Hastings association?

Analysis is important. On-line music databases, library catalogs, and educational journals might comprise related data. Contacting choral music specialists or musicologists can show invaluable.

Understanding the nuances of any choral association requires cautious investigation and considerate consideration. The Hastings SATB setting of “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth” isn’t any exception. Its magnificence lies in its particulars, ready to be found by diligent research.

Exploring the historic context and composer background would enrich our understanding additional.

Navigating “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth” (Hastings SATB)

The journey of bringing a choral work to life isn’t easy. The Hastings SATB association of “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth” calls for not simply technical proficiency but in addition an understanding of its spirit. The next factors function a information for conductors navigating its nuances.

Tip 1: Respect the Simplicity. The melody’s energy lies in its inherent grace. Resist the urge to over-complicate it with extreme ornamentation. Enable the pure move of the phrase to information the efficiency. A simple strategy is commonly the simplest.

Tip 2: Hearken to the Areas. Silence is as essential as sound. Enable the rests to breathe, creating moments of reflection and anticipation. A hurried efficiency sacrifices the hymn’s contemplative nature. A deliberate tempo enhances its influence.

Tip 3: Form the Dynamics Deliberately. Hastings’ dynamic markings are usually not mere options. They’re fastidiously crafted directives. Adhere to them faithfully, utilizing them to form the phrases and construct emotional depth. Consideration to dynamics avoids monotony.

Tip 4: Stability the Voices Thoughtfully. The SATB association requires cautious consideration to vocal steadiness. Be certain that no single voice dominates the feel. Attempt for a unified sound, the place every half contributes equally to the general concord. Equal steadiness promotes cohesiveness.

Tip 5: Perceive the Textual content. The hymn’s message of gratitude is paramount. Encourage the choir to internalize the which means of the phrases, permitting them to speak the textual content with sincerity and conviction. Honest communication resonates with listeners.

Tip 6: Put together for the Tenor’s Problem. The tenor line in SATB preparations typically presents a singular problem. Present additional assist and steerage to the tenor part, guaranteeing they’re comfy with their vocal vary and half. Preparedness avoids unintended pressure.

Tip 7: Follow Intonation Meticulously. Shut harmonies demand impeccable intonation. Dedicate ample rehearsal time to honing the choir’s capability to sing in tune, paying specific consideration to the intervals between the vocal components. Exact intonation elevates the efficiency.

By embracing these rules, conductors can unlock the inherent great thing about the Hastings SATB association, remodeling a well-recognized hymn right into a profound and shifting musical expertise. A profitable efficiency honors each the composer’s imaginative and prescient and the hymn’s enduring message.

Additional exploration of Hastings’ compositional type will enrich the conductor’s understanding.

Echoes of Gratitude

The previous exploration has unveiled the multi-faceted nature of the Hastings SATB association of “For the Fantastic thing about the Earth.” From the arranger’s distinctive mark and cautious choral texture to the poignant harmonic language and melodic interpretation, the vocal vary concerns, the implications of efficiency context, and the function inside liturgical use every component contributes to a singular expertise. The association just isn’t merely a setting of a hymn, however a crafted vessel carrying a message of profound gratitude.

Like daylight filtering by stained glass, illuminating historic stones, the Hastings association invitations a deeper contemplation. It requires a renewed appreciation, not just for the acquainted melody, however for the artistry and intention woven into each observe. Could this data encourage continued exploration, fostering performances that resonate with the sincerity and reverence befitting such a timeless expression of earthly magnificence and divine grace. The journey with music by no means ends, it solely refines.

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